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Why Are Some Hurricane Names Retired and Not Used Again

Written By domingo, 24 de abril de 2022 Add Comment Edit

Cumulative tracks of all retired Atlantic hurricanes (1953–2018)

This is a cumulative listing of previously used tropical cyclone (tropical tempest and hurricane) names which have been permanently removed from reuse in the North Atlantic region.

The naming of North Atlantic tropical cyclones is currently under the oversight of the Hurricane Committee of the Earth Meteorological Organization (WMO). This group maintains half dozen alphabetic lists of twenty-one names, with one list used each year. This normally results in each name being reused every six years. However, in the case of a particularly deadly or damaging storm, that storm's name is retired, and a replacement starting with the same letter is selected to take its place. The conclusion whether to remove a name in a given season is made at the annual session of the Hurricane Committee in the spring of the following year.

The practice of retiring storm names was begun by the Us Weather Bureau in 1955, after major hurricanes Carol, Edna, and Hazel struck the Northeastern The states during the previous year. Initially their names were retired for 10 years, after which time they could be reintroduced; however, in 1969, the policy was inverse to accept the names retired permanently. In 1977, the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) transferred control of the naming lists to the Hurricane Commission.

Since the formal outset of naming during the 1947 Atlantic hurricane season, an boilerplate of one Atlantic tempest proper name has been retired each year, though many seasons (almost recently 2014) did not have any names retired. The deadliest storm to accept its proper noun retired was Hurricane Mitch, which caused over 10,000 fatalities when it struck Central America during Oct 1998. The costliest storms were hurricanes Katrina in August 2005 and Harvey in Baronial 2017; each storm struck the U.S. Gulf Coast, causing $125 billion in damage, much of it from flooding.[nb 1] The most recently retired tempest names are Dorian, Laura, Eta and Iota.

Background [edit]

Past 1947, tropical cyclones developing in the North Atlantic Ocean were named by the United States Army Air Forces in private communications betwixt weather centres and aircraft using the Phonetic alphabet.[i] [ii] This do continued until September 1950, when the names started to be used publicly subsequently three hurricanes (Baker, Dog, Easy) had occurred simultaneously and caused confusion within the media and the public.[i] Public use of the phonetic alphabet connected until the 1953 Interdepartmental Hurricane Briefing, where the decision was made to starting time using a new list of female names during that season, equally a second phonetic alphabet had been developed.[ane] [iii] [iv] During the active just balmy 1953 Atlantic hurricane season, the names were readily used in the press with few objections recorded; as a result, the same names were reused during the next year with only ane change: Gilda for Gail. Over the side by side six years a new list of names was developed ahead of each season, earlier in 1960 forecasters developed four alphabetical sets and repeated them every iv years.[5] These new sets followed the example of the typhoon names and excluded names outset with the letters Q, U, X, Y, and Z, and keeping them to female names only.[5]

In 1955, it was decided to beginning retiring the names of significant tropical cyclones for ten years after which they might be reintroduced, with the names Carol and Edna reintroduced ahead of the 1965 and 1968 hurricane seasons respectively.[1] At the 1969 Interdepartmental hurricane briefing the naming lists were revised after information technology was decided that the names Carol, Edna and Hazel would be permanently retired because of their importance to the enquiry customs.[1] [6] Information technology was also decided that any significant hurricane in the futurity would likewise be permanently retired.[ane] [6] Ahead of the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season, 10 lists of hurricane names were inaugurated, past the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In 1977 it was decided that the World Meteorological Arrangement's Hurricane Committee (WMO) would control the names used, who subsequently decided that six lists of names would be used in the Atlantic Ocean from 1979 onwards with male names included.[one] Since 1979 the same six lists have been used by the United States National Hurricane Center (NHC) to name systems, with names of significant tropical cyclones retired from the lists permanently and replaced with new names every bit required at the following twelvemonth's hurricane committee coming together.[1]

At present, the name of whatever tropical cyclone may be retired or withdrawn from the list of names at the request of a member state, if it acquires notoriety for diverse reasons including the number of deaths, corporeality of amercement or other impacts.[7] The commission subsequently discuss the proposal and either through building consensus or a majority vote decides if the proper noun should be retired or withdrawn. In March 2017, members of the British Caribbean Territories proposed that a third retirement criterion be added: the tropical cyclone must have sustained winds of at least 96 mph (154 km/h). This came in low-cal of the retirement of Tropical Storm Erika in 2015 which caused catastrophic flooding and mudslides in Dominica without producing sustained tropical storm-forcefulness winds on the island. No action has been taken on this proposal yet.[8]

Formerly, if a season's primary listing of names was fully used, subsequent storms would be assigned names based on the letters of the Greek alphabet.[9] Co-ordinate to the WMO'due south initial policy established in 2006, Greek-alphabetic character named storms could never be retired, "lest an irreplaceable chunk be taken out of the alphabet." Therefore, devastating 2020 hurricanes Eta and Iota would have been retired as "Eta 2020" and "Iota 2020" respectively, merely the alphabetic character names themselves would remain available for use whenever Greek alphabet letter names were needed again in subsequent years.[10] However, this program was never implemented, as the names Eta and Iota were both formally retired without the year descriptor by the WMO in 2021. The system also abased the Greek alphabet auxiliary listing in favor of a new auxiliary naming listing.[11] [12]

Names retired in the 1950s [edit]

Between 1954 and 1959, 8 names were deemed meaning plenty to be retired for 10 years due to their impact, before beingness permanently retired subsequently 1969. There were no names retired for the 1956, 1958, and 1959 seasons.[7] [13] [14] Collectively, these storms resulted in at least 2317 fatalities and over $2.04 billion in harm. The deadliest hurricane was Hurricane Janet, which killed at to the lowest degree ane,023 people, while the costliest was Hurricane Diane, which caused Usa$831 million in damage.

Name Dates active Meridian classification Sustained
wind speeds 		Force per unit area Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Carol August 25 –
September 1, 1954 		Category iii hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) Northeastern United states of america, Canada lx $462 meg [fifteen] [16]
Edna September five – 11, 1954 Category 3 hurricane 125 mph (205 km/h) 943 hPa (27.85 inHg) New England, Atlantic Canada 21 $42 one thousand thousand [17] [18]
Hazel October v – 15, 1954 Category 4 hurricane 130 mph (210 km/h) 938 hPa (27.70 inHg) The Caribbean, Eastern United States, Canada 581 $382 meg [19] [xx] [21]
Connie August 3 – 15, 1955 Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) Mid-Atlantic states, New England 25 $40 meg [22] [23]
Diane August 7 – 21, 1955 Category ii hurricane 105 mph (165 km/h) 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) Mid-Atlantic states, New England 184 $831 million [22] [15]
Ione September x – 21, 1955 Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 938 hPa (27.lxx inHg) North Carolina 7 $88 1000000 [19] [23]
Janet September 21 – thirty, 1955 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Fundamental America 1,023 $47.8 1000000 [23]
Audrey June 25 – 29, 1957 Category three hurricane 125 mph (205 km/h) 946 hPa (27.94 inHg) Southern United States 416 $150 meg [22] [24]
8 names References:[nb 2] [nb 3] 2317 $2.04 billion

Names retired in the 1960s [edit]

Hurricane Betsy was the first hurricane to have damages exceeding U.s.$1 billion.

In 1960, 4 rotating lists of names were developed to avoid having to create new lists each year, while the practice of retiring any particularly damaging storm names for 10 years connected, with xi names deemed meaning enough to be retired during the decade.[i] [26] At the 1969 Hurricane Warning Conference, the National Hurricane Center requested that Ballad, Edna, Hazel, and Inez be permanently retired due to their importance to the research community.[1] [27] This request was subsequently accustomed and led to today'southward practice of retiring names of significant tropical cyclones permanently.[1] [6] At that place were no names retired for the 1962 and 1968 seasons.[nb 2] Collectively, the 11 systems were responsible for at least 9082 fatalities and in excess of $5.63 billion in damage.

Proper name Dates agile Superlative classification Sustained
wind speeds 		Force per unit area Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Donna Baronial 29 –
September 14, 1960 		Category iv hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) The Caribbean, Eastern United states of america 164 $400 million [28]
Carla September 3 – 13, 1961 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) Texas, Louisiana
Midwestern United States		 46 $408 million [22] [19]
Hattie Oct 27 –
November 1, 1961 		Category five hurricane 165 mph (270 km/h) 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) Key America 319 $60.iii million [29] [30]
Flora September 26 –
October 12, 1963 		Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 933 hPa (27.55 inHg) The Caribbean 7,193 $529 million [31]
Cleo Baronial 20 –
September five, 1964 		Category iv hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 938 hPa (27.seventy inHg) The Caribbean, Southeastern Us 217 $198 million [32]
Dora August 28 –
September 14, 1964 		Category 4 hurricane 130 mph (215 km/h) 942 hPa (27.82 inHg) Southeastern United States 5 $250 million [32]
Hilda September 28 –
October four, 1964 		Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) Southern United States 38 $125 million [22] [33]
Betsy August 27 –
September fourteen, 1965 		Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 942 hPa (27.82 inHg) Commonwealth of the bahamas, Southeastern United States 75 $1.42 billion [22] [34]
Inez September 21 –
Oct 11, 1966 		Category five hurricane 165 mph (270 km/h) 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) The Caribbean area, Florida, Mexico 710 $616 meg [35]
Beulah September 5 – 22, 1967 Category 5 hurricane 160 mph (260 km/h) 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) The Caribbean area, United mexican states, Texas 59 $208 million [36]
Camille August 14 – 22, 1969 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Republic of cuba, eastern The states 256 $1.42 billion [22] [34] [37]
xi names References:[nb 2] [nb 3] 9082 $5.63 billion

Names retired in the 1970s [edit]

Hurricane David at its summit intensity.

Starting in 1979, the Globe Meteorological Arrangement began assigning both male and female names to tropical cyclones.[i] This decade featured hurricanes David and Frederic, the first male person Atlantic hurricane names to exist retired. During this decade, 9 storms were deemed significant enough to have their names retired. Together these nine systems caused at least $9.41 billion in damage, while at to the lowest degree 10527 people lost their lives. In that location were no names retired for the 1971, 1973, and 1976 seasons.

Name Dates agile Superlative classification Sustained
air current speeds 		Force per unit area Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Celia July 31 – August 5, 1970 Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) Republic of cuba, United States Gulf Coast 20 $930 million [38] [22]
Agnes June 14 – 23, 1972 Category ane hurricane 85 mph (140 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Mexico, Republic of cuba, Eastern U.s. 124 $2.1 billion [22] [39]
Carmen August 29 – September 10, 1974 Category iv hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 928 hPa (27.40 inHg) Central America, Mexico
Usa Gulf Coast		 8 $162 million [40] [41]
Fifi September 14 – 24, 1974 Category ii hurricane 110 mph (180 km/h) 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) Jamaica, Fundamental America, United mexican states 8,200 $ane.eight billion [42] [43]
Eloise September 13 – 24, 1975 Category 3 hurricane 125 mph (205 km/h) 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) The Caribbean, Yucatán Peninsula, Florida lxxx $550 million [44]
Anita August 29 – September iv, 1977 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 926 hPa (27.34 inHg) Mexico 10 All-encompassing [45]
Greta September 13 – 23, 1978 Category 4 hurricane 130 mph (215 km/h) 947 hPa (27.96 inHg The Caribbean, Central America, Mexico five $26 million [46]
David August 25 – September 8, 1979 Category v hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) The Caribbean, U.s. East coast 2,068 $ane.54 billion [46] [47]
Frederic August 29 – September xv, 1979 Category 4 hurricane 130 mph (215 km/h) 943 hPa (27.85 inHg) The Caribbean, Southeastern United States 12 $one.77 billion [47] [34]
ix names References:[nb two] [nb 3] >ten,527 $ix.41 billion

Names retired in the 1980s [edit]

Later on control of naming of hurricanes was turned over to the Globe Meteorological Organization's Hurricane Committee during the mid-1970s, the 1980s marked the least prolific decade in terms of the number of retired storms with 7 names warranting removal. Between them the 7 systems acquired over $23.i billion in harm while over 891 people lost their lives. Hurricane Gilbert was the about intense tropical cyclone during the decade past pressure level, with a minimum value of 888 hPa (26.22 inHg). This was the lowest recorded pressure in a North Atlantic hurricane until Hurricane Wilma surpassed it during 2005.[48] In addition, Hurricane Allen was the most intense tropical cyclone during the decade by wind speed, with maximum 1–minute sustained winds of 190 mph (305 km/h). This remains the highest sustained wind speed of any Atlantic hurricane on record.[49] In that location were no names retired for the 1981, 1982, 1984, 1986, and 1987 seasons, which was the most of any decade since the introduction of the practice of retiring hurricane names.

Name Dates agile Peak nomenclature Sustained
current of air speeds 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Harm
(USD) 		Refs
Allen July 31 – August 11, 1980 Category 5 hurricane 190 mph (305 km/h) 899 hPa (26.55 inHg) The Caribbean, Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, South Texas 269 $1.24 billion [46] [50] [51]
Alicia August 15 – 21, 1983 Category three hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 963 hPa (28.44 inHg) Eastern Texas, Louisiana 21 $3 billion [34] [52]
Elena August 28 – September iv, 1985 Category 3 hurricane 125 mph (205 km/h) 953 hPa (28.14 inHg) Republic of cuba, United states of america Gulf Coast nine $ane.3 billion [34] [53] [54]
Gloria September 16 – Oct 2, 1985 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) U.s. Due east Declension, Atlantic Canada nine $900 million [53]
Gilbert September 8 – 19, 1988 Category 5 hurricane 185 mph (295 km/h) 888 hPa (26.22 inHg) Jamaica, Venezuela, Central America, Hispaniola, Mexico 318 $two.98 billion [22] [55] [56]
Joan October 11 – November 2, 1988 Category four hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 932 hPa (27.52 inHg) Bottom Antilles, Republic of colombia, Venezuela, Central America 216 $2 billion [55]
Hugo September 9 – 25, 1989 Category 5 hurricane 160 mph (260 km/h) 918 hPa (27.xi inHg) The Caribbean, United States East Coast 49 $9.vii billion [22] [57]
7 names References:[nb two] [nb three] 891 $21.1 billion

Names retired in the 1990s [edit]

During the 1990s, the Atlantic Ocean moved into its active era, which led to more tropical cyclones forming during the hurricane seasons. The decade featured Hurricane Andrew which at the time was the costliest hurricane on record, and also Hurricane Mitch which is considered to exist the deadliest tropical whirlwind to have its name retired, killing over 11,000 people in Central America. A total of fifteen names were retired in this decade, with seven of those during the 1995 and 1996 seasons. Cumulatively, the 15 systems caused over $68 billion in harm while over 12145 people lost their lives. There were no names retired for the 1993, 1994 and 1997 seasons.

Name Dates active Peak classification Sustained
wind speeds 		Pressure Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Diana August 4 – nine, 1990 Category 2 hurricane 100 mph (165 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Yucatán Peninsula, Key Mexico 96 $90 million [58]
Klaus October 3 – 9, 1990 Category one hurricane fourscore mph (130 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Lesser Antilles, The Bahamas, Southeast United States 11 $i million [58] [59]
Bob August 16 – 20, 1991 Category 3 hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 950 hPa (28.06 inHg) United States Due east Coast, Canada 17 $ane.five billion [60]
Andrew August 16 – 28, 1992 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) The Bahamas, Florida, United States Gulf Coast 65 $27.3 billion [34] [61]
Luis Baronial 27 – September xi, 1995 Category four hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda 19 $two.v billion [62]
Marilyn September 12 – 22, 1995 Category 3 hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 949 hPa (28.02 inHg) The Caribbean area, Bermuda viii $2.1 billion [34] [62]
Opal September 27 – Oct 6, 1995 Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) Guatemala, Yucatán Peninsula, Eastern U.s. 59 $4.7 billion [34] [63]
Roxanne October 7 – 21, 1995 Category 3 hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 956 hPa (28.23 inHg) Mexico 14 $one.v billion [62]
Cesar July 24 – 29, 1996 Category 1 hurricane 85 mph (140 km/h) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Central America, Mexico 113 $203 million [46] [64] [65] [66] [67]
Fran Baronial 23 – September viii, 1996 Category 3 hurricane 120 mph (195 km/h) 946 hPa (27.94 inHg) Eastern United states of america 26 $5 billion [22] [34]
Hortense September three – xvi, 1996 Category four hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) The Caribbean, Puerto Rico, Atlantic Canada 39 $158 million [68] [69] [seventy]
Georges September 15 – Oct 1, 1998 Category 4 hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 937 hPa (27.67 inHg) The Caribbean, United States Gulf Coast 604 $ix.37 billion [71] [72] [73] [74] [75]
Mitch October 22 – November 5, 1998 Category 5 hurricane 180 mph (285 km/h) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) Cardinal America, Yucatán Peninsula, South Florida >11,000 $half dozen.08 billion [76] [77] [78]
Floyd September vii – nineteen, 1999 Category 4 hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 921 hPa (27.twenty inHg) The Bahamas, Eastern The states, Atlantic Canada 57 $6.9 billion [79]
Lenny November 13 – 23, 1999 Category four hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 933 hPa (27.55 inHg) Republic of colombia, Puerto Rico, Leeward Islands 17 $686 million [eighty] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85]
15 names References:[nb 2] [nb three] >12,145 $68 billion

Names retired in the 2000s [edit]

Subsequently the Atlantic basin had moved into the warm stage of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation during the mid-1990s, the 2000s marked the virtually prolific decade in terms of the number of retired storms, with 24 names warranting removal.[nb 2] The decade featured i of the costliest tropical cyclones on record, Hurricane Katrina, which inflicted roughly Usa$125 billion in damage across the Gulf Coast of the Us.[34] Katrina was also the deadliest hurricane to strike the United States since the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane.[22] Later on stalling over and flooding southeastern Texas, and causing approximately US$9 billion in damage, Tropical Tempest Allison became the first tropical storm in this basin to have its name retired, while subtropical storms started to be named during 2002.[86] [87] Hurricane Jeanne was the deadliest storm during the decade and was responsible for over 3000 deaths, when it impacted Haiti and other parts of the Caribbean equally a tropical storm and minimal hurricane.[88] During October 2005, Hurricane Wilma became the most intense tropical cyclone in the Atlantic bowl on record, with a cardinal pressure of 882 hPa (26.05 inHg).[48] There were no names retired for the 2006 and 2009 seasons.[fourteen] Collectively, the 24 systems were responsible for well-nigh seven,900 fatalities and in excess of U.s.$300 billion in impairment.

Name Dates active Peak nomenclature Sustained
wind speeds 		Force per unit area Areas affected Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Keith September 28 – Oct 6, 2000 Category 4 hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 939 hPa (27.73 inHg) Fundamental America 56 $319 million [46] [89] [90] [91]
Allison June 4 – 18, 2001 Tropical tempest 60 mph (95 km/h) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Texas, Louisiana, Southern United States 50 $9 billion [34] [92]
Iris October 4 – 9, 2001 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 948 hPa (27.99 inHg) Hispaniola, Jamaica, Belize, Republic of guatemala, United mexican states 31 $250 million [93] [94]
Michelle October 29 – November vi, 2001 Category four hurricane 140 mph (220 km/h) 933 hPa (27.55 inHg) Central America, Jamaica, Cuba, Bahamas 17 $two billion [73] [93]
Isidore September 14 – 27, 2002 Category 3 hurricane 125 mph (205 km/h) 934 hPa (27.58 inHg) Cuba, Yucatán Peninsula, Louisiana 17 $1.3 billion [95] [96]
Lili September 21 – October 4, 2002 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 938 hPa (27.70 inHg) Windward Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Louisiana fifteen $ane.sixteen billion [34] [97]
Fabian August 25 – September 8, 2003 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 939 hPa (27.73 inHg) Bermuda 8 $300 million [98]
Isabel September half dozen – twenty, 2003 Category five hurricane 165 mph (270 km/h) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Greater Antilles, Bahamas, Eastern United states, Ontario 50 $v.5 billion [34] [99]
Juan September 24 – 29, 2003 Category ii hurricane 105 mph (170 km/h) 969 hPa (28.61 inHg) Atlantic Canada five $200 million [98] [100]
Charley Baronial nine – xv, 2004 Category iv hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Florida, The Carolinas 40 $16.9 billion [34] [101]
Frances August 24 – September 10, 2004 Category iv hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) The Caribbean, Eastern United States, Ontario 50 $9.8 billion [102] [103] [104]
Ivan September 2 – 24, 2004 Category 5 hurricane 165 mph (270 km/h) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) The Caribbean, Venezuela, United states Gulf Coast 124 $26.1 billion [34] [103] [105]
Jeanne September 13 – 28, 2004 Category iii hurricane 120 mph (195 km/h) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) The Caribbean, Eastern United States iii,035 $7.94 billion [46] [88] [103]
Dennis July iv – 13, 2005 Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Greater Antilles, Southeastern United States 89 $3.98 billion [34] [106] [107]
Katrina August 23 – 30, 2005 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) Bahamas, Us Gulf Declension 1,836 $125 billion [34] [108]
Rita September xviii – 26, 2005 Category 5 hurricane 180 mph (290 km/h) 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) Cuba, Us Gulf Coast 62 $18.5 billion [34] [109]
Stan October 1 – 5, 2005 Category 1 hurricane 80 mph (130 km/h) 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) Mexico, Primal America one,668 $3.96 billion [46] [110]
Wilma October xv – 26, 2005 Category 5 hurricane 185 mph (295 km/h) 882 hPa (26.05 inHg) Greater Antilles, Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, Florida 87 $27.four billion [34] [111] [112] [113] [114]
Dean August xiii – 23, 2007 Category v hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) The Caribbean, Primal America 45 $1.78 billion [46] [115]
Felix August 31 – September v, 2007 Category 5 hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Nicaragua, Honduras 130 $720 million [115] [116] [117] [118]
Noel October 28 – November 2, 2007 Category i hurricane 80 mph (130 km/h) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Greater Antilles, Eastern United States, Atlantic Canada 222 $580 million [115]
Gustav Baronial 25 – September 4, 2008 Category iv hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 941 hPa (27.79 inHg) Greater Antilles, Cayman Islands, U.s.a. Gulf Coast 153 $8.31 billion [34] [46] [119]
Ike September 1 – 14, 2008 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Greater Antilles, Texas, Louisiana, Midwestern Us 195 $38 billion [34]
Paloma November v – ten, 2008 Category 4 hurricane 145 mph (230 km/h) 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) Cayman Islands, Cuba i $454 million [120] [121]
24 names References:[nb 2] [nb iii] seven,875 $309 billion

Names retired in the 2010s [edit]

Some of the almost devastating hurricanes to hit the United States in recorded history did so in the 2010s, a decade in which 30 named storms were classified every bit major hurricanes (out of 152 named storms).[122] Altogether, xvi tropical cyclone names were retired during the 2010s.[nb 2] Collectively, these systems killed at least 4628 people and caused at to the lowest degree $450 billion worth of damage. Among them, Hurricane Maria was the most intense tropical cyclone by pressure, with a minimum value of 908 hPa (26.81 inHg), as well equally the deadliest, with iii,057 fatalities straight or indirectly acquired past Maria. Hurricane Dorian was the near intense in terms of wind speed, with maximum sustained winds of 185 mph (295 km/h). Hurricane Harvey was the decade's costliest arrangement, likewise as the costliest overall, tied with 2005'southward Katrina. There were no names retired for the 2014 flavour.

Name Dates agile Acme classification Sustained
air current speeds 		Pressure Areas afflicted Deaths Damage
(USD) 		Refs
Igor September 8 – 21, 2010 Category iv hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) Bermuda, Newfoundland 4 $200 meg [123]
Tomas October 29 – November vii, 2010 Category 2 hurricane 100 mph (155 km/h) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) Caribbean 44 $348 million [124]
Irene August 21 – 28, 2011 Category 3 hurricane 120 mph (195 km/h) 942 hPa (27.82 inHg) Caribbean, Bahamas, U.s.a. East Coast, Eastern Canada 58 $14.2 billion [34] [46] [125] [126]
Sandy October 22 – 29, 2012 Category 3 hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Caribbean, Bahamas, Us East Declension, Eastern Canada 234 $68.seven billion [34] [127] [128]
Ingrid September 12 – 17, 2013 Category i hurricane 85 mph (140 km/h) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) United mexican states 32 $ane.5 billion [46] [129]
Erika Baronial 24 – 28, 2015 Tropical storm 50 mph (85 km/h) 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) Bottom Antilles, Hispaniola 35 $511 meg
Joaquin September 28 – October 8, 2015 Category iv hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 931 hPa (27.49 inHg) Bahama islands, Bermuda 34 $200 million
Matthew September 28 – October nine, 2016 Category 5 hurricane 165 mph (270 km/h) 934 hPa (27.58 inHg) Caribbean area, Southeastern United States 603 $15.one billion [34]
Otto Nov 20 – 26, 2016 Category iii hurricane 115 mph (185 km/h) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua 23 $192 1000000
Harvey Baronial 17 – September 1, 2017 Category 4 hurricane 130 mph (215 km/h) 937 hPa (27.67 inHg) Texas, Louisiana 107 $125 billion [34]
Irma August 30 – September 12, 2017 Category 5 hurricane 180 mph (290 km/h) 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) Caribbean area, Southeastern U.s. 134 $77.ii billion [34]
Maria September 16 – 30, 2017 Category five hurricane 175 mph (280 km/h) 908 hPa (26.81 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico three,057 $91.half dozen billion [130]
Nate October 4 – 9, 2017 Category 1 hurricane 90 mph (150 km/h) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) Central America, United States Gulf Declension 48 $787 meg
Florence August 31 – September 17, 2018 Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 937 hPa (27.67 inHg) Eastern Us 57 $24 billion
Michael October vii – 11, 2018 Category 5 hurricane 160 mph (260 km/h) 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) Cardinal America, The states Gulf Declension 74 $25.1 billion
Dorian August 24 – September 7, 2019 Category 5 hurricane 185 mph (295 km/h) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) Bahamas, Southeastern United States, Eastern Canada 84 $5.1 billion
xvi names References:[nb 2] [nb three] 4,628 $453 billion

Names retired in the 2020s [edit]

Hurricane Eta merely prior to peak intensity e of Nicaragua early on November three

Three tropical whirlwind names have been retired and then far in the 2020s. Hurricane Laura was the costliest hurricane of the 2020 season, causing over $19 billion in damages, much of which occurred forth the southwestern Louisiana coast as a result of its 18 ft (v.5 m) storm surge. Hurricanes Eta and Iota both made landfall in Nicaragua, with Iota doing so with maximum sustained winds near 145 mph (233 km/h). Each brought torrential rain and then flooding to much of Primal America.[131]

Proper noun Dates active Tiptop classification Sustained
current of air speeds 		Pressure Areas afflicted Deaths Impairment
(USD) 		Refs
Laura Baronial 20 – 29, 2020 Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 937 hPa (27.67 inHg) Caribbean, Louisiana, Texas 81 $19.1 billion
Eta October 31 – November 13, 2020 Category 4 hurricane 150 mph (240 km/h) 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) Primal America, Cuba, Southeastern Usa 175 $8.3 billion
Iota November 13 – 18, 2020 Category iv hurricane 155 mph (250 km/h) 917 hPa (27.08 inHg) Central America 84 $ane.four billion
iii names References:[nb two] [nb 3] 340 $28.eight billion

Names retired by letter [edit]

The table beneath lists the tempest names that have been retired since the practice began. Equally of 2020, xi storms with names beginning with the letter 'I' have been retired (12, if the Greek-letter name storm Iota were included) the most of whatsoever letter,[132] while no names beginning with 'V' have been retired (or 'Q', 'U', 'X', 'Y' and 'Z', which are not used in the Atlantic). The names in each row of the "Storm names" column are displayed in chronological social club.

Letter Total Storm names Primeval Latest
A 7 Audrey, Agnes, Anita, Allen, Alicia, Andrew, Allison 1957 2001
B 3 Betsy, Beulah, Bob 1965 1991
C ix Carol, Connie, Carla, Cleo, Camille, Celia, Carmen, Cesar, Charley 1954 2004
D eight Diane, Donna, Dora, David, Diana, Dennis, Dean, Dorian 1955 2019
Eastward 4 Edna, Eloise, Elena, Erika 1954 2015
F ix Flora, Fifi, Frederic, Fran, Floyd, Fabian, Frances, Felix, Florence 1963 2018
G 5 Greta, Gloria, Gilbert, Georges, Gustav 1978 2008
H 6 Hazel, Hattie, Hilda, Hugo, Hortense, Harvey 1954 2017
I 11 Ione, Inez, Iris, Isidore, Isabel, Ivan, Ike, Igor, Irene, Ingrid, Irma 1955 2017
J 5 Janet, Joan, Juan, Jeanne, Joaquin 1955 2015
K iii Klaus, Keith, Katrina 1990 2005
Fifty 4 Luis, Lenny, Lili, Laura 1995 2020
M 6 Marilyn, Mitch, Michelle, Matthew, Maria, Michael 1995 2018
Due north ii Noel, Nate 2007 2017
O ii Opal, Otto 1995 2016
P 1 Paloma 2008 2008
R two Roxanne, Rita 1995 2005
Southward 2 Stan, Sandy 2005 2012
T 1 Tomas 2010 2010
5 0 — 2023 — 2023 —
Westward 1 Wilma 2005 2005
ZGreek letters 2 Eta, Iota 2020 2020

Names retired by month [edit]

The tabular array below lists the storm names that have been retired since the do began. As of 2020, 33 storms that have formed in the months of August and September have had their names retired, the near of any months in the season. The month of June has had but 3 retired, the least of any calendar month in the flavor. To date, no Atlantic storm forming in a month outside of the season has had its proper name retired. The names in each row of the "Tempest names" cavalcade are displayed in chronological order.

Month Total Storm names Primeval Latest
June 3 Audrey, Agnes, Allison 1957 2001
July 4 Celia, Allen, Cesar, Dennis 1970 2005
Baronial 33 Carol, Connie, Diane, Donna, Cleo, Dora, Betsy, Camille, Carmen, Anita, David, Frederic, Alicia, Elena, Diana, Bob, Andrew, Luis, Fran, Fabian, Charley, Frances, Katrina, Dean, Felix, Gustav, Irene, Erika, Harvey, Irma, Florence, Dorian, Laura 1954 2020
September 33 Edna, Ione, Janet, Carla, Flora, Hilda, Inez, Beulah, Fifi, Eloise, Greta, Gloria, Gilbert, Hugo, Marilyn, Opal, Hortense, Georges, Floyd, Keith, Isidore, Lili, Isabel, Juan, Ivan, Jeanne, Rita, Ike, Igor, Ingrid, Joaquin, Matthew, Maria 1954 2017
Oct 16 Hazel, Hattie, Joan, Klaus, Roxanne, Mitch, Iris, Michelle, Stan, Wilma, Noel, Tomas, Sandy, Nate, Michael, Eta 1954 2020
Nov 4 Lenny, Paloma, Otto, Iota 1999 2020

Run across also [edit]

  • Lists of Atlantic hurricanes
  • List of historical tropical cyclone names
  • List of retired Pacific hurricane names
  • Listing of retired Pacific draft names
  • List of retired Philippine typhoon names
  • List of retired Australian region cyclone names
  • List of retired S Pacific whirlwind names

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Unless otherwise noted, all of the damage totals in this article are in the original year USD.
  2. ^ a b c d eastward f g h i j k References for the retired names.[7] [13] [xiv]
  3. ^ a b c d east f g h Reference for dates, season, wind speeds and pressure.[25]

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External links [edit]

  • National Hurricane Middle's Mail-Season Reports
  • NHC's list of deadliest hurricanes
  • NHC's list of costliest United states hurricanes, current as of April 8, 2020

perkinstherply.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names

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